CHAPTER 3

SECTION 5. Order COLEOPTERA

Family CHRYSOMELIDAE (leaf beetles)

The leaf-beetle fauna of the Kuril Islands began to be clarified in the literature only in the last decade, if the studies of T. Kano (Kano, 1933-1934), H. Kôno (Kôno, 1936d), and F. Heikertinger (Heikertinger, 1948) are discounted, in each of which 1-2 species were cited. Only 6 species of leaf-beetles had been cited for the Kuril Range by the beginning of the 1960s: Suffrianus pumilo Sffr. (Gressitt, Kimoto, 1961, 1963), Cryptocephalus bilineatus L., Syneta adamsi Baly, Linaeida aenea L. (Chujo, Kimoto, 1961), Crepidodera interpunctata Motsch., and C. sublaevis Motsch. (Heikertinger, 1948). Then Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965) published a list of leaf-beetles, collected by S. Kuwayama and Y. Sugihara on the Southern Kurils, which contains 36 names. Our materials have enabled us to expand this list to 68 species (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966). L. N. Medvedev (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) described a new genus, 5 new species, and 2 subspecies on the Kuril Islands. In addition to our own collections, we have used some materials of N. N. Filippov, O. N. Kabakov, and N. A. Violovich, who visited the archipelago in the post-war years.

All the collected materials were identified by L. N. Medvedev; he had already established new synonyms which are cited in the systematic list of species. Information on the general distribution of the leaf-beetles has been borrowed from the works of D. A. Ogloblin (1936), L. N. Medvedev and D. S. Shapiro (1965), J. L. Gressitt and S. Kimoto (Gressitt, Kimoto, 1961, 1963), and S. Kuwayama (Kuwayama, 1967), from the catalog of the Chrysomelidae of Japan (Chujo, Kimoto, 1961), etc. The identification and the distribution of particular species were made more precise in the process of later investigations: some were reduced to synonyms; others, which had been considered Kuril endemics, were found on Sakhalin and the continent (Ivliev, et al., 1968; Medvedev, 1970).

At the present time, 68 species, belonging to 39 genera, are known on the archipelago: Donacia (2 species), Plateumaris (3), Oulema (1), Zeugophora (2), Syneta (1), Smaragdina (1), Cryptocephalus (7), Basilepta (2), Bromius (1), Chrysolina (5), Plagiodera (1), Linaeida (1), Chrysomela (1), Gastrolina (1), Prasocuris (1), Gonioctena (2), Phratora (2), Galeruca (2), Pyrrhalta (3), Clitena (1), Galerucella (2), Fleutiauxia (1), Luperus (2), Stenoluperus (2), Atrachya (1), Monolepta (1), Agelasa (1), Sangariola (1), Longitarsus (2), Phyllotreta (3), Aphthona (1), Asiorestia (2), Crepidodera (1), Pseudocrepidosoma (1), Chaetocnema (1), Altica (2), Argopus (1), Psylliodes (1), and Cassida (2). As can be seen from this list, almost all the genera are represented here by 1-3 species. The only exceptions are Cryptocephalus and Chrysolina, which are represented on the continent by tens of species. The faunistic composition of the Kuril leaf-beetles may be regarded as elucidated in the main, although the finding of several additional species on the southern and central islands cannot be excluded.

By comparison with Sakhalin, Japan, and neighboring regions of the continent at the same latitude, the leaf-beetle fauna of the Kuril Range is appreciably impoverished. Thus, 205 species are known in Primorskiy Kray (Vasil'ev, 1964), and according to oral communication of L. N. Medvedev, about 300; 83 are known on Sakhalin (Medvedev, 1970), and 465 in Japan (Kimoto, 1964, 1966a, 1966b), including 145 on Hokkaido, while there are only 66 on the Southern Kuril Islands. The leaf-beetle fauna of the Northern Kurils (2 species) is immeasurably poorer even by comparison with Kamchatka, where there are 34 (Medvedev, 1964), and Magadanskaya Oblast, 42 species (Ivliev, et al., 1968), i.e., with territories situated further to the north. The absence of such background groups of leaf-beetles which are characteristic for the continent and Japan as the subfam. Megalopodinae, Lamprosominae, Chlamysinae, and Hispinae, and the genera Crioceris, Lilioceris, Pachybrachis, Lypesthes, Agelastica, Lochmea, Galerucida, Paraluperodes, Luperomorpha, Argopistes, Nonarthra, Sphaeroderma, and Aspidomorpha, also attest to the deficiency of the Kuril fauna.

The leaf-beetle fauna is distributed unevenly within the limits of the archipelago, in keeping with the general regularity characteristic of the Kuril entomofauna as a whole (Table 10), which is determined by climatic and historical factors. The greatest number of species populate the southern islands, especially Kunashir. The leaf-beetle fauna is markedly impoverished toward the north, reaching a minimum on the central islands (only 1 species on Urup, none on Simushir). The southern species do not reach the north of the Range; here only 2 Kamchatka species are encountered. There is not a single species among the leaf-beetles that is distributed throughout the Range. Only Asiorestia interpunctata Motsch. has been observed on five southern islands. Many gravitate toward two to three neighboring islands.

The overwhelming majority of the Kuril leaf-beetles inhabit broadleaved forests and are represented by mesophilic species. According the the information available to us, 33 species live on woody species, 11 on herbaceous species, and the trophic linkages have not been established for 24 species due to their rare incidence.

The groupings associated with alder and willow stand out fairly clearly. Eight species live constantly on alder: Basilepta balyi kurilensis L. Medv., Linaeida aenea L., Gastrolina peltoidea Gebl., Basilepta fulvipes Motsch., Luperus flaviventris Motsch., Stenoluperus cyaneus Baly, Gonioctena japonica Chujo et Kimoto (on the southern islands), and Luperus viridipennis laricis Motsch. (on the northern). Of these, the first three often reproduce in large numbers, and here and there inflict serious damage, completely denuding trees. Thus, arranging themselves on them in groups, the larvae of Gastrolina peltoidea Gebl. skeletonize the leaves, after which only the veins remain. The larvae of this leaf-beetle damage the alder in June, and the beetles of the new generation feed on it from the middle of July to the middle of August. The larvae and beetles of Linaeida aenea L. also cause damage; only the beetles of Basilepta balyi kurilensis L. and Luperus viridipennis laricis Motsch. damage the leaves; we have not found the larvae of these species; it is highly likely that they live in the roots of the alder. Plagiodera versicolora Laich., Galerucella grisescens Joann., Stenoluperus nipponensis Lab., and Agelasa nigriceps Motsch. switch to the alder from other plants facultatively.

A specific group of leaf-beetles, which is characteristic mainly for floodplain forest, feed on the willow: Plagiodera versicolora Laich., Smaragdina aurita nigrocyanea Motsch., Cryptocephalus parvulus Müll., C. pumilo Sffr., Gonioctena chujoi L. Medv., Pyrrhalta lineola Fabr., and Crepidodera japonica Baly. But these leaf-beetles do not usually achieve great numbers and do not inflict appreciable damage. Plagiodera versicolora Laich., which although it is a polyphage prefers to feed on the willow, and in places causes noticeable damage, is the only exception.

The majority of the remaining leaf-beetles that are associated with leaved species prove to be oligophages or polyphages. Clitena fuscipennis Jac., which damages the painted maple and birch especially severely on Iturup, stands out among these. The beetles of this species appear at the beginning of June and lay their eggs on sprouting maple leaves. The young larvae skeletonize the leaves, while the older instar larvae consume them entirely. Thus, almost all the trees in the environs of Kuril'sk were damaged by this leaf-beetle in 1963; there were 118-555 larvae on each young tree with a height of 2.0-2.5 m and a trunk diameter of 2-4 cm, and the population density of the larvae was 0.5-0.9 per leaf. The larvae pupated in the soil in the first 10-day period of July. The young beetles, emerging in the middle of August, feed mainly on the maple, but on the viburnum, willow, and birch as well. We observed the mass multiplication of this leaf-beetle only on Iturup in 1961-1963. The active flight of the beetles continued there up to the beginning of September. They clustered in enormous numbers here and there, solidly covering not only food plants, but herbaceous plants as well. The beetles are encountered singly on Kunashir; they are not found at all on the other islands.

Relatively rare species are found on the oak (Pyrrhalta semifulva Jac., Aphthona perminuta Baly), birch (Phratora inhonesta Weise.), poplar and aspen (Chrysomela tremulae F.), viburnum and hawthorn (Pyrrhalta viburni annulicornis Baly), and other species.

Among the leaf-beetles associated herbaceous vegetation, Bromius obscurus L., Atrachya menetriesi Fald., Chrysolina aurichalcea Mann., Ch. exanthematica Wied., and Agelasa nigriceps Motsch. are very common on the southern islands, and Chrysolina staphylea L. on the northern islands. Only Atrachya menetriesi Fald., which multiplies en masse on Sakhalin and does severe damage there to various crops, especially legumes, may be noted as a potential pest of agricultural crops.

The leaf-beetle fauna of the Kuril archipelago has its particular features, even as compared with Sakhalin. Some species which multiply here en masse, for example, Clitena fuscipennis Jac., are not found at all on Sakhalin; others, which are extremely abundant on Sakhalin, by contrast do not produce high numbers on the Kuril Islands (Crepidodera japonica Baly, Stenoluperus nipponensis Lab., Atrachya menetriesi Fald., and others), prove to be rare, or are entirely absent (Chrysomela lapponica F., Phratora obtusicollis Motsch., Lochmea capreae Sols., and others). The landscape species among the leaf-beetles are few in number, and differ on different islands: Clitena fuscipennis Jac. on Iturup, Basilepta balyi kurilensis L. Medv. and Gastrolina peltoidea Gebl. on Kunashir, Linaeida aenea L. on Kunashir and Shikotan, only Plagiodera versicolora Laich. on all three islands. These are widely distributed Boreal and Manchurian species.

Zoogeographically the fauna of the Kuril entomofauna is heterogeneous; it consists of two main assemblages, the Boreal and the Palaearchaearctic, which differ by origin and territorial associations. In addition, 2 species (P. versicolora Laich. and Phyllotreta striolata F.) are included in it which exhibit nearly universal distribution, and which cannot be included in the calculations of the zoogeographical analysis, although both are boreal in origin.

The Boreal complex (24 species) is represented by two groups which are unequal in size - the Transpalaearctic and the Okhotsk (see Table 11). Leaf-beetles which are widely distributed in the forest zone of the Palaearctic, from Europe to the Pacific Ocean, are included in the Transpalaearctic group: Donacia vulgaris Zschach., Oulema erichsoni Suffr., Cryptocephalus sexpunctatus L., C. parvulus Müll., C. bilineatus L., Bromius obscurus L., Chrysolina staphylea L., Ch. aurichalcea Mann., Plagiodera versicolora Laich., Linaeida aenea L., Chrysomela tremulae F., Prasocuris phellandri L., Phratora vitellina L., Pyrrhalta lineola Fabr., Galerucella grisescens Joann., Phyllotreta atra Fabr., Asiorestia interpunctata Motsch., Chaetocnema concinna March., and Cassida nebulosa L. The representatives of this group are encountered both in the north and the south of the archipelago, but predominate on the southern islands, especially on Kunashir. They should also be found on the northern islands, which are thus far insufficiently studied. Three eastern subspecies of Transpalaearctic species have been set apart in an Eastern Siberian subgroup (Plateumaris sericea sibirica Sls., Luperus viridipennis laricis Motsch., and Cassida rubiginosa rugosopunctata Motsch.). Of these the first is distributed east of the Ob' River, reaches 63° N to the north, and to North and East China and Japan to the south. Within the limits of of the archipelago, it is encountered on the southern islands (Shikotan, Kunashir, Iturup). The nominative subspecies of this species, Plateumaris sericea sericea L., occupies the western portion of the range, west of the Ob' River. Luperus viridipennis laricis Motsch. is known on the Kamchatka Peninsula and in Magadanskaya Oblast, where it reproduces en masse (Ivliev, et al., 1968), Yakutiya, Dauriya, and Mongolia; to the west it reaches the Altay. It is confined on the Kurils to the northern region of the range. Another subspecies has been noted on Sakhalin - L. viridipennis spurius Ogl. (Medvedev, 1970). Cassida rubiginosa rugosopunctata Motsch. reaches Baykal and the Enisey to the west.

Only one species, Gonioctena chujoi L. Medv., whose range encompasses territories adjacent to the Sea of Okhotsk, is set apart in the Okhotsk group. The nominative form of this leaf-beetle was described on Kunashir (Krovolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966), but it has been recently clarified (Ivliev, et al., 1968) that it forms several subspecies on the relatively small space of its range: G. chujoi sachalinensis L. Medv. on Sakhalin andG. chujoi ochotense L. Medv. in Magadanskaya Oblast (the Okhotsk littoral) and in Japan (the Japanese form has not yet been described). At the same time, L. N. Medvedev (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) assignes this species to a group of species close toG. sibirica Weise. It can be assumed on the basis of the above that all of the enumerated subspecies are relatively recent.

The Palaearchaearctic complex (42 species) combines three groups, the Manchurian, the Ussuri-Island, and the Island, which comprise about 2/3 of the entire fauna of the Kuril leaf-beetles. The Manchurian group includes species which are widely distributed within the limits of the Palaearchaearctic and are associated primarily with mixed broadleaved forests. The majority of these are encountered in Japan: Plateumaris amurensis Wse., Zeugophora annulata Baly, Syneta adamsi Baly, Cryptocephalus pumilo Sffr., C. exiguus amiculus Baly, Basilepta fulvipes Motsch., Chrysolina exanthematica Wied., Gastrolina peltoidea Gebl., Pyrrhalta semifulva Jac., Clitena fuscipennis Jac., Fleutiauxia armata Baly, Luperus flaviventris Motsch., Stenoluperus nipponensis Lab., Atrachya menetriesi Fald., and Agelasa nigriceps Motsch. Only several species are unknown in Japan, Zeugophora bicolor Kr., Phratora inhonesta Weise., and Galeruca weisei Rtt.; this points to the possible existence in the past of separative connections between the Kuril Islands and the continent. Three Manchurian subspecies of Palaearctic species, Donacia sparganii gracilipes Jac., Galeruca dahli vicina Sols., and Pyrrhalta viburni annulicornis Baly, are included in the same group. All of the representatives of the Manchurian group are localized in the southern islands. Only one, Stenoluperus nipponensis Lab., reaches Urup to the north.

The fairly small group of Ussuri-Island species (Chrysolina angusticollis Motsch., Galerucella nipponensis Lab., Aphthona perminuta Baly), which is distinguished by a relatively small but characteristic range encompassing the southern region of Primorskiy Kray (the southern region of the Ussuri River basin), partially the Korean Peninsula and the islands (Kurils, Japan, sometimes Sakhalin), borders on the Manchurian group.

The Island group is divided into three subgroups, the Kuril-Japanese, the Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese, and the Kuril, depending on the distribution of the species included in it on the islands. The most numerous of these is the Kuril-Japanese (Cryptocephalus approximatus Baly, C. kurentzovi L. Medv., Gonioctena japonica Chujo et Kimoto, Stenoluperus cyaneus Baly, Longitarsus amiculus Baly, Crepidodera japonica Baly, Altica circaeae Ohno). Some species of this subgroup are in essence Japanese, and only in the northernmost part of their range invade the Southern Kuril Islands. Phyllotreta brevistriata Kimoto in fact has a Kuril-Hokkaido range, since it is unknown south of Hokkaido.

The Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese subgroup is scanty (Sangariola punctatostriata Motsch., Longitarsus lewisii Baly, Argopus punctipennis Motsch., Psylliodes angusticollis Baly). It also includes the Island subspecies of the Palaearctic species Smaragdina aurita nigrocyanea Motsch., which is the easternmost in the chain of subspecies of this broad palaearct. The Kuril subgroup consists of species and subspecies recently described on the Kuril Islands: Chrysolina kabakovi L. Medv., Monolepta kurilensis L. Medv., Pseudocrepidosoma ohnoi L. Medv., Plateumaris constricticollis kurilensis L. Medv., and Basilepta balyi kurilensis L. Medv. They may be regarded only as conditional endemics, since they may be found on Sakhalin, in Japan, and on the continent, as has already occurred in the case of Gonioctena chujoi L. Medv., which has turned out to be an Okhotsk species.

Thus, the Transpalaearctic and Manchurian species have proven to be the dominant species among the Kuril leaf-beetles; the Island species occupy a subordinate position. The zoogeographical groups considered demonstrate that the leaf-beetle fauna of the Kuril archipelago has long been associated with the continental fauna throughout its history. These links were evidently closer and more prolonged in the southern region of the Range, where we are dealing both with an indigenous and with an immigrational fauna. Only immigrants that have pentrated there from Kamchatka, apparently in the not too distant geological past, are present on the northern islands. The fauna of the central part of the Range is extremely impoverished, and is doubtless younger. Evidently not biocenotic but historical factors play a leading role in the distribution of leaf-beetles across the archipelago. Otherwise it is difficult to explain why the leaf-beetles that are associated with the alder and the willow, which flourish throughout the Range, are limited to the southern islands, although it would seem that they were able to follow their food plants considerably further north. Overall the Kuril leaf-beetles are Island in character; this is manifested in its composition, impoverishment, and the unevenness of the distribution of the number of species across the islands.

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES

1. Donacia sparganii gracilipes Jac. Z - August 2, 1955, 2 spec., N. N. Filippov; Yu - August 4, 1955, 2 spec., N. N. Filippov; I - according to the data of S. Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965). A Manchurian subspecies of a Transpalaearctic species; it is distributed in the Southern Kurils, Sakhalin, in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, Yakutiya (northward to the Arctic Circle), Dauriya, Mongolia, and Japan (Hokkaido). The nominative subspecies is distributed further to the west, starting from the central band of Western Siberia, to Europe.

!2. Donacia vulgaris Zschach. K - Golovnino set. (Kimoto, 1965). A Transpalaearctic species whose range encompasses the boreal Palaearctic from Europe to the Pacific Ocean, including Central Asia, North East China, and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).

3. Plateumaris sericea sibirica Sls. K - shore of Lake Peschanoye, July 9, 10, 1962, 8 spec.; shore of Lake Goryacheye, July 17, 1962, 2 spec.; Sh - according to the data of S. Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965); I - peak of Atsonurupi Volcano, env. of Kuril'sk, June 31-July 21, 1963, 3 spec. in all. An eastern subspecies of a Transpalaearctic species. It is distributed to the east from the Ob' River to the Pacific Ocean; it extends northward to 63° N, to the south as far as North and East China and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu). The nominative subspecies Plateumaris sericea sericea L. occupies the western area of the species range. Both subspecies are encountered on the interfluve of the Ob' and the Enisey.

4. Plateumaris constricticollis kurilensis L. Medv. K - env. of Alekhino set., July 2, 1962, 1 spec. A Kuril-Japanese species, known in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). It is represented on K by a special subspecies.

5. Plateumaris amurensis Wse. K - env. of Lake Serebryanoye, August 1, 1955, 2 spec., N. N. Filippov. A Manchurian species; besides K, known on Southern Sakhalin, in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, Yakutiya, and Japan (Hokkaido). We (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) had previously listed it erroneously as P. consimilis orientalis Shavrov.

6. Oulema erichsoni Suffr. K - Cape Gemerling, Tyatino and Yuzhno-Kuril'sk settlements (Kimoto, 1965); Sh - Malokuril'sk set., August 9, 1956, 2 spec., N. A. Violovich. A Transpalaearctic species.

7. Zeugophora annulata Baly. K - Cape Pontusov, August 7, 1955, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov. A Manchurian species whose range encompasses the K, Sakhalin, the southern region of Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

8. Zeugophora bicolor Kr. K - Golovnino set., August 8, 1955, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov. Belongs to the Manchurian group. Known in the southern Primor'ye and North China. In Japan it is supplanted by a close species Z. nigricollis Jac.

9. Syneta adamsi Baly. K - env. of Alekhino set., Golovnino set., env. of Lake Lagunnoye, shore of Lake Peschanoye, June 27-September 14, 1962, 1964, 11 spec. in all; Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk set., August 7-10, 1956, 3 spec., N. A. Violovich; I - env. of Kuril'sk, Zolotoye set., July 2-11, 1963, 4 spec. Encountered in mixed forests on flowers and willow. Scanty under Kuril Islands conditions. Is encountered en masse in Southern Sakhalin, damages fruit trees; principal food plant is the birch (Medvedev, 1970). A Manchurian species whose range encompasses the southern Priamur'ye, the Primor'ye, North China, Sakhalin; it is widely distributed in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima).

10. Smaragdina aurita nigrocyanea Motsch. K - env. of Sernovdosk, Golovnino, and Kosmodem'yansk settlements; outside find dates July 30-August 26, 4 spec. in all; Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk set., August 13, 1961, 1 spec. Noted in dark coniferous forests, in oak and elm groves. The Transpalaearctic species S. aurita L. has formed several subspecies in the extensive expanse of its range: S. aurita aurita L. in Europe; S. aurita hammarstroemi Jac. in Eastern Siberia (from Lake Baykal to the Pacific Ocean); and S. aurita nigrocyanea Motsch. on the islands (Sakhalin, K, Sh, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu). In the opinion of L. N. Medvedev, S. nigrocyanea Motsch. is merely a Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese subspecies of S. aurita L.

11. Cryptocephalus sexpunctatus L. K - env. of Lake Lagunnoye, August 14, 1954, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov. A Transpalaearctic species; is known in Japan only on Hokkaido.

12. Cryptocephalus approximatus Baly (=C. fortunatus borealis L. Medv.). Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk set., August 24, 1963, 1 spec.; I - env. of Kuril'sk, Lesozavodskiy Neck, the peak of Atsonurupi Volcano; outside find dates July 2-August 20, 14 spec. Is encountered not infrequently, but in small numbers in mixed forests and elfin woods; the beetles feed on willow and "Sakhalin" cherry (Cerasus sachalinensis). According to the data of L. N. Medvedev, Japanese authors' indication of finding this species on the continent has not been confirmed, and relates to C. coeruleus Mars., which supplants it there, and partially, to C. splendens Kr. Belongs to the Island, namely Kuril-Japanese, zoogeographical group.

13. Cryptocephalus parvulus Müll. Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk set., August 13, 1961, 1 spec., dark coniferous forest with admixture of leaved species, on willow. A Transpalaearctic species, widely distributed in Japan.

14. Cryptocephalus pumilo Sffr. (=C. manturifrons Pic, C. babai Chujo). K - the northeast area in the env. of Lake Peschanoye, env. of Lake Goryacheye; outside find dates July 9-20, 4 spec. in all; Sh - Malokuril'sk set. (Kimoto, 1965); peak of Atsonurupi Volcano, July 21, 1963, 1 spec. We have provisionally assigned it to the Manchurian group, but the species range is not entirely elucidated. Known on the Southern Kuril Islands, Southern Sakhalin, in Eastern Siberia (the Pribaykal'ye, Dauriya), Tibet, and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). We had previously cited it (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) as Suffrianus pumilo Sffr.

15. Cryptocephalus bilineatus L. Yu - August 4, 1955; Z - August 2-5, 1955, large series, N. N. Filippov; K, Sh - according to the data of S. Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965). A widely distributed Transpalaearctic species.

16. Cryptocephalus exiguus amiculus Baly. (=C. adocetus Jac., C. kiyosatonus Kimoto). Yu - August 4-September 8, 1955, series, N. N. Filippov; Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk and Krabovoye settlements, August 10-26, 10 spec. in all; K - close to Cape Petrov, August 27, 1964, 1 spec.; I - env. of Kuril'sk, Lesozavodsk set., July 21-August 20, 1963, 2 spec. in all. It is encountered in mixed coniferous-broadleaved forests on alder, willow, and "Sakhalin" cherry. It lives on Corylus in Japan. A Manchurian species; besides the Southern Kurils, it is distributed on Sakhalin, in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, Dauriya, the Pribaykal'ye, Mongolia, North China, and Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu). Cited by S. Kuwayama (Kuwayama, 1967) as C. amiculus Baly.

17. Cryptocephalus kurentzovi L. Medv. K - env. of Lake Lagunnoye, July 14, 1955, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov. A Kuril-Japanese species. Described by L. N. Medvedev (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) on K, was later found in Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu), where it has been accepted as C. amiculus Baly.

18. Basilepta balyi kurilensis L. Medv. K - env. of Alekhino, Sernovdosk, and Goryachiy Plyazh settlements; outside find dates June 23-August 11, 137 spec. in all; Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk, August 13, 1961-August 24, 1963, 3 spec. in all. The beetles inhabit alder stands, feed on the leaves of "Maximovich" alder, and not infrequently inflict appreciable damage; is also encountered on flowers, especially often on panicled hydrangea. It is common on K, and in places, en masse. An Island species which forms 2 subspecies, of which the nominative is distributed in the southern range of Sakhalin and throughout Japan, and the Kurils on K and Sh.

19. Basilepta fulvipes Motsch. K - env. of Alekhino and Sernovdosk settlements, shore of Lake Goryacheye; outside find dates July 29-August 14, 17 spec. in all. Is encountered singly on alder, birch, tall herbaceous vegetation. Belongs to the group of Manchurian species; besides K, it is known in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, Dauriya, Mongolia, North China, the Korean Peninsula, and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

20. Bromius obscurus L. (=Adoxus obscurus L.). K - env. of Lake Lagunnoye, Lake Peschanoye, July 27, 1961, July 10, 1962, 4 spec.; Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk, August 11, 1956, 1963, 1 spec., N. A. Violovich; I - env. of Zolotoy, Kuybyshevo settlements, Goryachie Klyuchi set., Lesozavodskiy Neck; outside find dates July 10-August 13, 12 spec. in all. Fairly common, but not numerous. Is encountered in mixed and floodplain forests, larch stands, Japanese stone pine groves. The willowweed (Epilobium) is the principal food plant, but can shift to grape and other plants. A widely distributed Transpalaearctic species.

21. Chrysolina staphylea L. P - Ban'chzhou and Shelekhovo settlements, July 22-August 11, 1964, 9 spec.; Shu - env. of Kozyrevsk set., July 28, 1964, 2 spec.; A - according to the data of T. Kano (Kano, 1933-1934). Is encountered in river valleys, on coastal terraces covered by meadow vegetation; the beetles do not shift from wormwood (Artemisia). A Transpalaearctic species whose range extends from Europe to the Pacific Ocean.

22. Chrysolina aurichalcea Mann. K - env. of Goryachiy Plyazh, Yuzhno-Kuril'sk, Sernovdosk, Alekhino, and Tret'yakovo settlements, shore of Lake Lagunnoye, Lake Peschanoye, and Lake Goryacheye, flood plain of the Lesnaya River; outside find dates July 10-August 14, 39 spec. in all; Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk set., August 21-27, 1963, 4 spec. Lives in leaved valley forests, primarily in near-flood plain sections of streams and in shore groves around lakes. The wormwood (Artemisia) is the main food plant, but the beetles can also feed on other herbaceous and woody plants (buttercup family, carrot family, aster, willow, alder, and Manchurian walnut). Distinguished by a very wide range, beyond the limits of the Palaearctic. It has evidently been preserved as a relict in Europe, since it is encountered mainly in the mountains; further east it is common everywhere, including Japan; it is also known in China (Taiwan), Vietnam, and Burma.

23. Chrysolina angusticollis Motsch. K - Tyatino set., the northeast of the island, June 15-July 25, 1960, 2 spec., O. N. Kabakov. An Ussuri-Island species, known on K, in North East China, and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).

24. Chrysolina (Bechynea) kabakovi L. Medv. K - The northeast of the island, July 24, 1960, 1 spec., O. N. Kabakov. A Kuril endemic, described by L. N. Medvedev (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) on K. Very close to two other, also wingless species, Ch. sulcicollis Frm. in Primorskiy Kray, and Ch. nikolskyi Jac. on Sakhalin and in Japan. S. Kuwayama's reference (Kuwayama, 1967) to finding Ch. nikolskyi Jac. evidently relates to Ch. (Bechynea) kabakovi L. Medv.

25. Chrysolina exanthematica Wied. K - env. of Yuzhno-Kuril'sk, Goryachiy Plyazh, Sernovdosk, Alekhino, Kosmodem'yansk, and Golovnino settlements, shore of Lake Lagunnoye, flood plain of the Lesnaya River; outside collection dates July 1-August 28, 44 spec. in all. Lives in coniferous-broadleaved forests. The beetles are encountered on herbaceous vegetation, in particular on wormwoods and buttercup family, as well as on flowers. In Japan, lives on mint. A Manchurian species, distinguished by a wide range, extending from the Southern Kurils and Japan in the east to Mongolia in the west, taking in Southern Siberia, China, and the Korean Peninsula and reaching India to the south.

26. Plagiodera versicolora Laich. K - env. of Alekhino, Golovnino, and Sernovdosk settlements, shore of Lake Lagunnoye and Lake Peschanoye; Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk set., Krabovoye set., Cape Kray Sveta; I - env. of Kuril'sk, env. of Kuybyshevo set., Lesozavodsk, Reydovoye settlements, Listvennichnoye Plateau, flood plain of Kurilka River; outside find dates June 23-August 27, 210 spec. in all; U - in subalpine zone (Konakov, 1956). Is encountered ubiquitously in valley and floodplain forests on willow, alder, bird cherry, "Sakhalin" cherry, birch. The willow is the principal food plant. The larvae develop from the middle of July to the middle of August; inflicts appreciable damage in places. The beetles overwinter in the litter. A widely distributed Transpalaearctic species; reaches India to the south.

27. Linaeida aenea L. K - env. of Alekhino, Sernovdosk, and Mendeleevo settlements, env. of Lake Lagunnoye and Lake Peschanoye; Sh - env. of Malokuril'sk, Krabovoye settlements, Cape Kray Sveta; outside find dates June 24-August 29, 72 spec. in all. Common in valley and floodplain forests on alder. Is encountered in some places in large numbers, and may inflict appreciable damage in places. A Transpalaearctic species whose range encompasses the forest zone from Europe to the Pacific Ocean.

28. Chrysomela tremulae F. K - env. of Alekhino set., shore of Lake Goryacheye, July 4-16, 1962, 4 spec. Evidently associated with the aspen. A Transpalaearctic species, distributed from Europe to the Pacific Ocean.

29. Gastrolina peltoidea Gebl. K - env. of Alekhino, Sernovdosk, and Goryachiy Plyazh settlements, area between Alekhino and Sernovdosk settlements, env. of Lake Peschanoye; outside find dates June 23-August 13, 91 spec. in all. Lives in leaved and coniferous-broadleaved forests on alder; prefers thinned and well-lighted areas. The beetles appear at the beginning of June and deposit eggs on young alder leaves. The larvae develop over the course of June; they rest on the leaves in large groups and skeletonize them, destroying the entire leaf blade except for the veins in the process; they pupate at the end of June on the leaves. The young beetles emerge in the first half of July; they are encountered to the middle of August, and also feed on alder leaves, and then go off to overwinter, evidently in the litter. This leaf-beetle does very severe damage in places, nearly entirely destroying the leaves. Belongs to the Manchurian group. Besides K, distributed on Sakhalin, in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, Yakutiya, the Transbaikal, in North East China, and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku).

30. Prasocuris phellandri L. Z - August 5, 1955, 4 spec., N. N. Filippov; K - env. of Sernovdosk set., Cape Pontusov, July 27-August 7, 1962, 1964, 2 spec. A Transpalaearctic species, not observed in Japan.

31. Gonioctena japonica Chujo et Kimoto. K - env. of Alekhino set., area between Alekhino and Sernovdosk settlements, env. of Goryachiy Plyazh and Golovnino settlements, env. of of Lake Peschanoye; outside collection dates July 10-August 8, 9 spec. in all. Has been found only in the southwest region of the island, within the limits of the distribution of broadleaved species. The beetles are encountered singly on alder. It also lives on hornbeam in Japan. An Island, namely Kuril-Japanese species.

32. Gonioctena chujoi L. Medv. K - env. of Alekhino set., env. of Lake Peschanoye, env. of Sernovodsk set., June 26- August 31, 1962, 9 spec. in all. Lives in broadleaved and floodplain forests on willow. Judging by distribution, an Okhotsk species. The nominative form was described on K (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966). Later L. N. Medvedev (Ivliev, et al., 1968) described another 2 subspecies: G. chujoi sachalinensis on Sakhalin, where it is quite numerous, and G. chujoi ochotense from Magadanskaya Oblast (Okhotsk littoral). Which of the forms lives in Japan has not yet been elucidated. The species is very close to G. sibirica Weise and is frequently taken for it; in particular, the reference of S. Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965) on finding G. sibirica Weise on the Kurils should be referred to G. chujoi L. Medv.

33. Phratora vitellinae L. I - Okhotsk coast close to Kuybyshevo set., Zolotoy set., July 11, 1963, August 27, 1961, 2 spec. A Transpalaearctic species; not found thus far in Japan.

34. Phratora inhonesta Weise. I - Kuril’sk, June 30, 1963, 1 spec., mixed forest, on birch. A Manchurian species, not observed in Japan. Known on Sakhalin, in Primorskiy and Khabarovskiy Krays, in North China, and on the Korean Peninsula.

35. Galeruca weisei Rtt. Z - August 5, 1955, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov; Sh - env. of Malokuril’sk set., August 4, 1961-August 29, 1963, 3 spec. A Manchurian species, which has advanced quite far to the west. Known, besides the Kurils, in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, Dauria, Southern Yakutiya, the Pribaikal’ye, the Sayans, East Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and North China.

36. Galeruca dahli vicina Sols. K - env. of Lake Goryacheye, August 15, 1962, 1 spec., on tall herbaceous vegetation. It is exceptionally rare on the Kuril Islands. A Manchurian subspecies of a Transpalaearctic species. Distributed in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, Dauriya, North China, and on the Korean Peninsula. Another subspecies (japonica Weise.) is encountered in Japan and on Sakhalin. However, according to the testimony of L. N. Medvedev (1970), the Sakhalin population is distinguished by characters transitional to the continental subspecies (vicina Sols.).

37. Pyrrhalta viburni annulicornis Baly (=P. annulicornis Baly, P. humeralis Chen.). Sh - env. of Malokuril’sk set., August 27, 1963, 34 spec., on hawthorn (Crataegus); I - env. of Lesozavodsk set., August 1963, on viburnum (Viburnum). The hawthorn is the principal food plant on the continent and in Japan. A Manchurian subspecies of a Transpalaearctic species. Known on Sakhalin, in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, and North China.

38. Pyrrhalta (Neogalerucella) lineola Fabr. K - env. of Lake Peschanoye, July 10, 1962, 3 spec., on willow leaves. It is known that this species evolves two biological forms, one of which feeds on various willows, and the other on alder. A Transpalaearctic species whose range extends from Europe to Japan, inclusively.

39. Pyrrhalta (Tricholochmaea) semifulva Jac. I - env. of Kuril’sk, August 18, 23, 1961, 2 spec., elfin woods, on oak and forbs. In Japan lives on bird-cherry, rowan, and apple. A Manchurian species. Distributed in Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, in West Sayan, North East China, and in Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku).

40. Clitena fuscipennis Jac. (Figure 12). K - env. of Golovnino set., August 8, 1961, 3 spec., leaved forest, on willow; I - env. of Kuril’sk, Lesozavodsk and Kuybyshevo settlements, the Pacific Ocean littoral south of Burevestnik set., outside find dates August 18-September 10, 156 spec. in all. Lives in mixed broadleaved forests, especially in elfin woods on coastal marine terraces. Beetles appear at the beginning of June and deposit eggs on the unfurling leaves of the painted maple (Acer pictum). The young larvae skeletonize leaves, while older instars consume the leaf plate entirely, leaving only the veins. In the first ten day period of July the larvae pupate in the soil. The young beetles emerging in the middle of August feed mainly on maple, as well as on viburnum, willow, and birch. The active flight of the beetles lasts to the beginning of September. On I they form enormous clusterings in places, solidly covering not only food plants, but herbaceous vegetation as well. The beetles and older instar larvae inflict especially severe damage on the maple and birch. We observed the mass reproduction of this leaf beetle only on I over the course of three years (1961-1963). On K the beetles are encountered singly and are not found on the remaining islands. In Japan they live on maple and poplar. A Manchurian species whose range encompasses Primorskiy Kray, the southern Amur basin, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

41. Galerucella nipponensis Lab. K - Lake Lagunnoye, Alekhino set., August 12-22, 1955, 2 spec., N. N. Filippov. It is assigned, according to the character of the range, to the group of Ussuri-Island species. Known, in addition to K, in Primorskiy Kray, on the Korean Peninsula, and in Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

42. Galerucella grisescens Joann. K - env. of Golovnino set., Alekhino set., shore of Lake Serebryanoye, August 1-12, 1961, 4 spec.; Sh - env. of Malokuril’sk set., August 6, 1961-August 22, 1963, a series; I - env. of Kuril’sk, Pacific Ocean coast in the region of Kasatka Bight, the Okhotsk coast close to Kuybyshevo set., outside find dates July 4-August 27, 3 spec. in all. Lives in mixed leaved forests and on meadows. It has been collected on the Kurils from the alder and grassy vegetation; on Sakhalin and in Japan lives on the Rosaceae (Medvedev, 1970); on the continent it is associated with waterside vegetation. A Transpalaearctic species whose range encompasses the entire forest zone from Europe to the Pacific Ocean, including the Japanese islands.

43. Fleutiauxia armata Baly. K - env. of Alekhino set., June 27-July 13, 1962, 6 spec. Encountered in mixed forests on flowering plants and the tall herbaceous vegetation. In Japan it lives on Broussonetia, the white mulberry, and the poplar; on the continent, it lives on the Manchurian walnut. A Manchurian species. Known in Primorskiy Kray, the southern Amur basin, North China, on the Korean Peninsula, and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

44. Luperus (Calomicrus) flaviventris Motsch. K - env. of Alekhino, Sernovodsk, Tret’yakovo, and Golovnino settlements, outside find dates June 27-August 27, 34 spec. in all., a number of collectors; Sh - env. of Malokuril’sk set., August 24, 1963, 6 spec.; I - Okhotsk coast near Kuybyshevo set., env. of Goryachiye Klyuchi set., the flood plain of the Kurilka River, the Pacific Ocean coast near Kasatka Bight, and south of Burevestnik set., outside collection dates July 1-August 31, 19 spec. in all. It is quite common on the Southern Kurils. It feeds on alder and willow leaves, inflicting appreciable damage. It belongs to the Manchurian group. Distributed on Sh, K, I, Sakhalin, in the eastern Amur basin, Primorskiy Kray, China (North East and Taiwan), on the Korean Peninsula, and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu). S. Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965) cites it as Exosoma flaviventre Motsch.

45. Luperus viridipennis laricis Motsch. P - Shelekhovo set., August 9-11, 1964, 6 spec., env. of Severo-Kuril’sk, July 17-August 2, 1964, 19 spec. Lives in valley elfin wood stands on alder. In addition to the alder, in Magadanskaya Oblast it feeds also on the leaves of willows, birches, chozeniya, and larch needles (Ivliev, et al., 1968). An Eastern Siberian subspecies of a Transpalaearctic species; known on Kamchatka and in Magadanskaya Oblast, where it is encountered en masse, Yakutiya, Dauria, on the Altay, and in Mongolia. There is a different subspecies, L. viridipennis spurius Ogl., on Sakhalin (Medvedev, 1970).

46. Stenoluperus nipponensis Lab. K - env. of Sernovodsk set., road between Sernovodsk and Alekhino settlements, shore of Lake Goryacheye, env. of Lake Lagunnoye, Cape Pontusov, Kosmodem’yansk set., outside find dates July 7-August 24, 8 spec. in all, a number of collectors; Sh - env. of Malokuril’sk set., August 8, 1961, August 27, 1963, 2 spec.; I - env. of Zolotoy set., Lesozavodsk Neck, env. of Lesozavodsk set., outside collection dates July 11-24, 9 spec. in all; U - Podgornoye set., August 12, 1963, 1 spec. Lives in mixed forests; the beetles were collected from the alder and willow. A Manchurian species. Distributed on the Kurils (K, Sh, I, U), Southern Sakhalin, in the eastern Amur basin, Primorskiy Kray, North China, on the Korean Peninsula, and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Sado, Kyushu). We had previously cited it as Luperus nipponensis Lab. (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966).

47. Stenoluperus cyaneus Baly (=Luperus moorii Baly). K - env. of Alekhino, Sernovodsk, and Kosmodem’yansk settlements, env. of Lake Lagunnoye, outside find dates June 27-August 24, 5 spec. in all; Sh - env. of Malokuril’sk set., August 10, 1961, August 22, 1963, 10 spec. in all. Encountered in coniferous-broadleaved forests on alder. An Island, namely, Kuril-Japanese species, distinguished by a fairly narrow range. Known on K, Sh, and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu).

48. Atrachya menetriesi Fald. K - env. of Alekhino set., Golovnino set., shore of Lake Goryacheye, outside collection dates July 16-August 7, 44 spec. in all; according to the data of S. Kuwayama (Kuwayama, 1967), is also encountered on the Pacific Ocean coast up to Tyatino set. The beetles keep to herbaceous vegetation. It is quite common on K, but does not form mass clusters as on Sakhalin, where it severely damages various agricultural crops. The biology of this leaf beetle is known (Hori, 1932; Ogloblin, 1936): the beetles and larvae are polyphagous; the eggs overwinter in the soil at the base of various perennial plants, the larvae feed on the roots of the plants; their development lasts 22-44 days; the new generation beetles appear in the middle of July and feed for a month, following which they deposit their eggs. A Manchurian species whose range encompasses K and Sakhalin, the Amur basin, Primorskiy Kray, North China, the Korean Peninsula, and nearly all of the Japanese islands.

49. Monolepta kurilensis L. Medv. K - Alekhino set., August 8, 1962, 6 spec., from the coltsfoot (Petasites amplus). A Kuril endemic. It is supplanted in Japan by the close species M. dichroum Har.

50. Agelasa nigriceps Motsch. K - env. of Alekhino, Sernovodsk settlements, shore of Lake Goryacheye, outside collection dates June 23-July 29, 28 spec. in all. Lives in coniferous-broadleaved forests, the beetles feed on alder and on the flowers of herbaceous vegetation. It is encountered quite frequently in small numbers. A Manchurian species. Besides K, it is known on Sakhalin, in the southern Primorskiy Kray, North East China, on the Korean Peninsula, and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

51. Sangariola punctatostriata Motsch. K - env. of Lake Lagunnoye, July 14, 1954, 1 spec., N. A. Violovich. An Island, namely Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese species, distributed on K, Sakhalin, in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa), and on the Korean Peninsula.

52. Longitarsus amiculus Baly. Z - August 5, 1965, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov. A Japanese species, invading the very south of the Kuril Range. Known on Z, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa.

53. Longitarsus lewisii Baly. Yu - July 1955, N. N. Filippov; K - Sernovodsk set., August 15, 1955, N. N. Filippov, as well as Goryachiy Plyazh, Grigor’yevo, and Tyatino settlements, Cape Gemerling (Kuwayama, 1967); Sh - Malokuril’sk set., Nepokorennyy Cape, Del’fin Bight; I - Kasatka set. (Kimoto, 1965). An Island, namely Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese species, very widely distributed in Japan, including the islands of Ryukyu, Okinawa, and Tsushima. It is supplanted on the continent by a vicarious species, L. saturellus Duft.

!54. Phyllotreta striolata Fabr. K - Tyatya set., Cape Gemerling, Grigor’yevo set.; Sh - Malokuril’sk set.; I - between Kuril’sk and Kuybyshevo set., Slavnoye set. We have not found it; cited according to S. Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965) and S. Kuwayama (Kuwayama, 1967). Cucurbita pero L. and Raphanus sativus L. are listed as [its] food plants on the Kurils. Distinguished by a wide range encompassing South and East Asia, Europe, and South Africa.

!55. Phyllotreta atra Fabr. K - Grigor’yevo and Alekhino settlements (Kuwayama, 1967). Apparently rare on the Kurils. A Transpalaearctic species. Distributed on K, Sakhalin, in Primorskiy Kray, Siberia, Central Asia and Asia Minor, in the Caucasus, Europe, China, and Japan (Hokkaido).

!56. Phyllotreta brevistriata Kimoto. K - Grigor’yevo set.; Sh - Malokuril’sk set. (Kimoto, 1965; Kuwayama, 1967). Distinguished by a narrow, Kuril-Hokkaido, range.

57. Aphthona perminuta Baly. K - env. of Alekhino set., July 9, 1962, 3 spec.; Sh - between Malokuril’sk set. and Nepokorennyy Cape (Kimoto, 1965); I - env. of Kuril’sk, June 30-August 20, 1963, 5 spec. Encountered in broadleaved forests on oak and "Sakhalin" cherry. The only representative of the Ussuri-Island group. Known on the Southern Kuril Islands (K, Sh, I), Sakhalin, in Primorskiy Kray, and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Sado, Tsushima). To the west of Lake Baykal, it is supplanted by the close species, A. euphorbiae Schrank.

58. Asiorestia interpunctata Motsch. Yu - August 4, 1955, a series, N. N. Filippov; Z - August 3-5, 1955, 2 spec., N. N. Filippov; Sh - August 7-10, 1956, 2 spec., N. A. Violovich; K - Cape Pontusov, August 7, 1955, a series, N. N. Filippov; I - flood plain of the Kurilka River, July 1, 1963, 1 spec. Lives on the flood plains of rivers and streams. Widely distributed in the forest zone of the Palaearctic from Europe to Japan, including North China. We previously cited it (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) as Crepidodera interpunctata Motsch.

59. Asiorestia sublaevis Motsch. Yu - August 4, 1955, a series, N. N. Filippov; Z - August 2-5, 1955, 2 spec., N. N. Filippov; K - Cape Pontusov, August 7, 1955, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov; I - flood plain of the Kurilka River, July 1, 1963, 1 spec. Is occasionally found together with the preceding species, from which it is difficult to distinguish; intermediate forms are quite frequently encountered. It cannot be excluded that in the future one of these species will prove to be a synonym. Belongs to the Transpalaearctic group. Known, in addition to the Kurils, in Siberia, Kazakstan, Northern Europe, and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). S. Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965) and we (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) previously assigned it to the genus Crepidodera.

60. Crepidodera japonica Baly. K - southwest coast south_ of Alekhino set., July 10, 1962, 1 spec., on willow; env. of Kosmodem’yansk set., August 26, 1964, 1 spec., in floodplain forest; Sh - between Malokuril’sk set. and Nepokorennyy Cape (Kuwayama, 1967). An Island, namely Kuril-Japanese species. It is known in Japan on Hokkaido and Honshu. It is supplanted on the continent by the close species, C. picipes Wse.

61. Pseudocrepidosoma ohnoi L. Medv. Yu - August 4, 1955, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov. Described by L. N. Medvedev (Krivolutskaya, Medvedev, 1966) on Yu. Thus far not known from other sites. Provisionally assigned to the group of Kuril endemics.

62. Chaetocnema concinna Marsh. (=Ch. discreta Baly, Ch. chalceola Jac.). K - Alekhino and Golovnino settlements (Kuwayama, 1967); Sh - August 2, 1955, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov; August 10, 1956, 1 spec., N. A. Violovich. A Transpalaearctic species, distributed from Europe to the Pacific Ocean, including China and Japan.

63. Altica oleracea L. (?) K - Cape Pontusov, August 7, 1955, 1 female, N. N. Filippov; Alekhino set., August 12, 1955, 1 female, N. N. Filippov; shore of Lake Goryacheye, July 17, 1962; 1 female; Sh - August 10, 1956, O. N. Kabakov. Only females have been found in our material and in the material of S. Kimoto (Kimoto, 1965); therefore the identification of the species remains in doubt. A Transpalaearctic species whose range encompasses the Southern Kurils, Primorskiy Kray, the Amur basin, all of Siberia, the Caucasus, Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, Turkestan, North China, and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu).

!64. Altica circaeae Ohno. K - Gemerling Cape (Kimoto, 1965). Apparently very rare on the Kurils. A Kuril-Japanese species; known in Japan on Hokkaido, Honshu, and Kyushu.

65. Argopus punctipennis Motsch. K - env. of Lake Lagunnoye, Mendeleevo set., July 25-August 25, 2 spec., N. N. Filippov; env. of Lake Goryacheye, July 19, 1962, 1 spec. Lives in coniferous-broadleaved forests; we have collected the beetles from tall herbaceous vegetation and from the "Sakhalin" knotweed. A Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese species, widely distributed in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Awa, Sado, Oki, Shikoku, Kyushu).

66. Psylliodes angusticollis Baly. K - shore of Lake Lagunnoye, July 25, 1955, 1 spec., N. N. Filippov. Just as in the case of the preceding, belongs to the Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese subgroup. Besides K, known on Sakhalin, in Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa), and on the Korean Peninsula. Reference to the finding of this leaf beetle in Primorskiy Kray and in North China requires verification.

67. Cassida nebulosa L. K - env. of Alekhino set., June 26-July 4, 1962, 3 spec. A Transpalaearctic species; it is encountered ubiquitously from Europe to the Pacific Ocean, including Japan.

68. Cassida rubiginosa rugosopunctata Motsch. K - shore of Lake Lagunnoye, Razdornyy Cape, env. of Sernovodsk set., Juy 28-August 24, 1961-1964, 3 spec. in all; Sh - env. of Malokuril’sk set., August 27, 1963, 1 spec. Encountered on meadow areas on grass. A Transpalaearctic species, as widely distributed as the preceding.